Pdf the order hemiptera comprises four main clades. Members of the suborder heteroptera are known as true bugs. While every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and uptodate information available, ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in. Until recently most entomologists recognized two closely related orders, a hemiptera and homoptera. Species with atypical appearances will not work with this simplified key. Mar 20, 2020 the auchenorrhyncha suborder of the hemiptera contains most of the familiar members of what was called the homoptera groups such as cicadas, leafhoppers, treehoppers, planthoppers, and spittlebugs.
Pdf nonmonophyly of auchenorrhyncha homoptera, based. In addition, the embioptera and zoraptera are not discussed at all in. Miridae plant bugs most species feed on plants, but some are predaceous. No single classification of the order hemiptera is universally accepted, and various workers differ in the numbers of suborders, superfamilies, families, subfamilies, and tribes they. The name heteroptera, derived from the greek heteroem meaning different and ptera meaning wings, refers to the fact that the texture of the front wings is different near the base leathery than at the apex membranous. Except for cicadas, auchenorrhyncha are unfamiliar to. Orden hemiptera suborden auchenorrhyncha documentop. The higherlevel phylogeny of the order hemiptera remains a contentious topic in insect systematics. Higherlevel phylogeny of the insect order hemiptera.
Population dynamics of the green leafhopper, nephotettix virescens distant hemiptera. Itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available, and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties. Auchenorrhyncha are a highly diverse group of hemimetabolous insects and a major component of the. Fulgoroidea planthoppers began to be divided into families in 1839 membracoidea. The main characteristics of homoptera and formicidae which favor trophobiotic interactions, such as honeydew excretion by sapsucking insects, ant attendance and physiological needs of both insects groups, are discussed. Home insects insect fact files insect groups true bugs order. A taxonomic suborder within the order hemiptera the cicadas, planthoppers and many related insects. The auchenorrhyncha are a suborder of hemiptera, along with the heteroptera true bugs, sternorrhyncha aphids, scale insects, psyllids, and allies, and coleorrhyncha moss bugs. Within this, a lineage of the cicadellidae gave rise to the membracidae treehoppers, the ulopinae and the eurymelinae gum treehoppers dietrich et al. The primary source for most of the auchenorrhyncha is a monumental series of world catalogues compiled and published over a number of years by z.
This species belongs to the order hemiptera, suborder auchenorrhyncha. They have very distinctive front wings, called hemelytra, in which the basal half is leathery and the apical half is membranous. Key 2 key to insects orders colorado state university. Many consider the insects within the coleorrhyncha to be living fossils and to be related to the suborder heteroptera. Cicadinea suborder of the hemiptera contains most of the familiar members of what was called the homoptera groups such as cicadas, leafhoppers, treehoppers, planthoppers, and spittlebugs. Together, these groups include over 40,000 described species.
The hemipteran suborder auchenorrhyncha is the group of sapsucking insects comprising the modern superfamilies, cercopoidea spittlebugs, fig. Essential reading from the amateur entomologists society. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. Among the auchenorrhyncha, the cicadas are generally large at least 15mm long and have two pairs of membraneous wings held above the body like a tent. The sternorrhyncha suborder of the hemiptera contains the aphids, whiteflies, and scale insects, groups which were traditionally included in the order homoptera. In north america north of mexico, there may be as many as 3800 species of auchenorrhyncha. The monophyly of the suborder auchenorrhyncha has been questioned based primarily on early molecular studies, and additional work on this question is merited. All lower taxonomy nodes 16,740 common name isynonym irank i. Hosted by the usgs core science analytics and synthesis. A periodical cicada from brood xiii, which emerged in 2007, sits on a fence at a forest preserve in willow springs, illinois. Heteroptera heteroptera cicadas, spittle bugs, leafhoppers, planthoppers auchenorrhyncha psyllids, whitefly, aphids, coccids sternorrhyncha homoptera hemiptera formerly known. Nonmonophyly of auchenorrhyncha homoptera, based upon 18s rdna phylogeny. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Although the majority of species tap into the transport system and extract fluids from the phloem, some of the larger species, such as cicadas, members of the cicadellinae e.
This soft body bugs suborder includes jumping plant lice, lerp insects, aphids, mealy bugs and scale insects. Hemiptera is the largest order of hemimetabolous insects not undergoing complete metamorphosis. Mouthparts not very visible and appear to arise from the area between the front pair of legs. However, it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes. Hemiptera suborder heteroptera true bugs suborder auchenorrhyncha cicadas, hoppers suborder sternorrhyncha aphids, psyllids, whiteflies, scales thysanoptera thrips this is the end of the exopterygota. Ent 425 general entomology resource library compendium. Hemiptera comes from the greek words hemi, meaning half, and pteron, meaning wing. Nov 21, 2019 population dynamics of the green leafhopper, nephotettix virescens distant hemiptera.
Comparative cytogenetics of auchenorrhyncha hemiptera. Heteroptera, the least primitive of the hemipteroid assemblage, represents the true bugs. Auchenorrhyncha a suborder of insects of the order homoptera. The name refers to the true bugs forewings, which are hardened near the base and membranous near the ends. Infraclass neoptera continues on the next page with the endopterygota. The auchenorrhyncha are a species rich suborder within the megadiverse order hemiptera comprising cicadas cicadoidea, leafhoppers and treehoppers membracoidea, planthoppers fulgoroidea, froghoppers and spittle bugs cercopoidea. May 23, 2018 the auchenorrhyncha are a suborder of hemiptera, along with the heteroptera true bugs, sternorrhyncha aphids, scale insects, psyllids, and allies, and coleorrhyncha moss bugs. All auchenorrhyncha are plant feeders and many are vectors of viral and fungal diseases of plants. The hemipteran suborder auchenorrhyncha includes two large superfamilies, fulgoroidea planthoppers and membracoidea treehoppers and leafhoppers, and two smaller superfamilies, cercopoidea spittlebugs or froghoppers and cicadoidea cicadas. More than 42,000 extant species are described, and many more await discovery. Auchenorrhyncha article about auchenorrhyncha by the free. The nymphal stages of some auchenorrhyncha associated with rice in south east asia. The controversy is chiefly centred on the unresolved question of whether or not the hemipteran suborder auchenorrhyncha including the extant superfamilies fulgoroidea, membracoidea, cicadoidea and cercopoidea is a monophyletic lineage.
The nymphs live underground, when the adults finally emerge, they all do so at the same time. Hemiptera, suborder auchenorrhyncha or sternorrhyncha aphids, cicadas. Then new evidence based on dna showed us that these all belonged to the same major group b, and homoptera should really be split into three small groups. Nov 17, 2015 this page was last edited on 24 december 2019, at 10. The adults feed by inserting their beaks into twigs or branches on trees, but the young larvae live underground. The suborder may be divided into two major groups treated as infraorders by some workers and four superfamilies as follows. Soft bugs order hemiptera, suborder sternorrhyncha this page contains pictures and information about soft bugs suborder sternorrhyncha that we found in the brisbane area, queensland, australia. Among them the auchenorrhyncha suborder is considered to be paraphyletic. At rest, these wings cross over one another to lie flat along the insects back. Overview on the number of species of the four orders coleoptera, hemiptera auchenorrhyncha, heteroptera, orthoptera saltatoria.
Homoptera, stating that the characters used for distinguish it. The true hoppers include two lineages, the cicadomorpha cicadas, leafhoppers, treehoppers, spittlebugs, and allies and the fulgoromorpha planthoppers. Trophobiosis between formicidae and hemiptera sternorrhyncha. This simplified key covers insects showing common characteristics for the order. Heteroptera has its own set of characteristics, which are listed here. Order hemiptera suborder heteroptera ent 425 general. Cicadellidae in synchronized and staggered transplanting areas of paddy fields in indonesia. They are treated here as a suborder of the hemiptera and include the. Metcalf and generally entitled a general catalogue of the homoptera. In addition, the embioptera and zoraptera are not discussed at all in this course.
This page was last edited on 24 december 2019, at 10. The order hemiptera also has a fourth suborder called heteroptera. Ensifera, caelifera, and araneae sampled over 5 years in 150. Heteroptera back to the true bugs, or view the other suborders. Lesserknown insects largely regarded as homoptera are. The hemiptera comprise insects of the major suborders auchenorrhyncha cicadas. The eurymelinae group is confined to australia, new guinea and new caledonia and. All true bugs suborder heteroptera, such as stink bugs, have the first 12 of their front wings tough and leathery and the outer 12 thin and membranous. The suborder sternorrhyncha contains aphids, whiteflies, scale, and mealybugs. Urban laboratory for conservation and evolutionary genetics, new york state museum, albany, ny, u.
Morphology of insect spermatozoa has provided promising characteristics. Soft bugs order hemiptera, suborder sternorrhyncha. Suborder auchenorrhyncha cicadas, hoppers and aphids. Sternorrhyncha refers to the rearward position of the mouthparts relative to the head. Mar 31, 2015 overview on the number of species of the four orders coleoptera, hemiptera auchenorrhyncha, heteroptera, orthoptera saltatoria. Page designed through the cooperative efforts of interagency itis teams.
The hemipteran suborder auchenorrhyncha includes cicadas, spittlebugs or froghoppers, leafhoppers, treehoppers, and planthoppers. This family includes numerous pests such as the tarnished plant bug lygus lineolaris. Auchenorrhyncha article about auchenorrhyncha by the. Auchenorrhyncha comes form the greek words auchen, which means neck, and rhyncos, which means nose or snout. The suborder auchenorryncha, which embraces more species than any. When it belongs to the order hemiptera the true bugs. Hemiptera suborder auchenorrhyncha auchenorrhyncha true bugs order. Cicadas, leafhoppers, and treehoppers suborder auchenorrhyncha, and aphids suborder sternorrhyncha are similar to the heteroptera except. Orden hemiptera suborden auchenorrhyncha y sternorrhyncha antes orden homoptera cigarras pulgones cochinillasmosca blanca 16 caracteristicas. Although morphologically diverse, members of the suborder auchenorrhyncha share the following combination of features that distinguish them from other. Morphology of insect spermatozoa has provided promising characteristics that can be used for phylogenetic inference. Cicadella viridis and the froghoppers aphrophoridae feed on xylem sap.
Lygaeidae seed bugs most species are seed feeders, a few are predatory. This refers to the position of the mouthparts, which. Seed bugs, shield bugs, capsids, bed bugs, water bugs, etc. Help pages, faqs, uniprotkb manual, documents, news archive and biocuration projects. Auchenorrhyncha cicadas, leafhoppers, treehoppers subordinal characteristics.
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